CC&E Nexus Brief: The El Niño Phenomenon and Related Impacts 
This brief focuses on El Niño–Southern Oscillation phenomenon and the 2015/2016 El Niño event in particular, the environmental and societal impacts and effects of which will extend well into 2017.
Food in an uncertain future
This report sets out the risks to food security in the Middle East and North Africa from climate change, and how these vulnerabilities interact with other key trends and sources of risk.

Yemen Sadah Basin
An intermountain basin, the Sadah Basin is situated in Yemen’s western highlands about 250km north of Sana’a as shown in Figure 3.1 below. The basin is characterized by sparse...

Aden City
Aden City is the chief port of Yemen and is one of the largest natural harbors in the world with an area of about 70km² of sheltered water surrounded by Jebel Shamsan, Khoremakser, and...

Yemen Sana'a Basin
The Sana'a Basin is located in the Central Highlands of Yemen and includes the capital city of Sana'a. At an elevation ranging from 2,000 to 2,200m ASL, the basin is characterized...
Yemen NCAP Project
Yemen's Capital, Sana'a
Linking Water Scarcity with Climate ChangeIntroduction
This project explored the linkages between water scarcity and climate change....

World Bank Climate Investment Funds
The World Bank announced the approval of 2 large Climate Investment funds in July 2008, the Clean Technology Fund (CTF) and the Strategic Climate Fund (SCF), which are to serve largely to aid...
Netherlands Climate Assistance Programme (NCAP)
This article provides an overview of the first phase of the Netherlands Climate Change Studies Assistance Programme and links to the project reports from the 13 counties covered under the scheme.

Lessons learned from Yemen NCAP Project
The choice of adaptation strategy depends on the dictates of the particular case study region, including both physical and stakeholder inputs. While pilot...

Key findings from Yemen NCAP Project
The key results and findings for the Yemen NCAP project are presented for each case study site following a brief overview of characteristics of each site. The discussion of key findings covers...
Mitigation: Yemen's unconditional mitigation pledge is a 1% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, compared to their business as usual scenario, while a 14% reduction could be achieved under certain conditions and with access to external financing. Mitigation efforts would target the energy sector (production ad demand), the agriculture sector (irrigation systems, cropping systems, and forestry and agricultural land use), and the waste sector (both solid waste and wastewater). Specific actions include building greater renewable generation capacity, increasing the efficiency of power generation and transmission, reducing methane released from soil when framing, and using landfill gas for power generation. Adaptation: Studies have found that Yemen’s key climate vulnerabilities are its agriculture sector, coastal areas, and water supply. In order to ensure resilience in these priority areas Yemen is pursuing a multi-sectoral, multi-stakeholder, adaptation process. Current adaptation programming looks at climate information services, integrated coastal zone management, rural livelihoods, rain-fed agriculture, biodiversity conservation, and natural disasters early warning and response. Future priorities include promoting rainwater harvesting, encouraging sustainable agriculture and land resource management, using renewable energy to build resilience in rural communities, and integrating the protection of sensitive ecosystems into livelihoods around natural resource management. International Climate and Environmental Commitments: The Paris Agreement (Signed), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Party), Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Party), United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (Party), Convention on Biological Diversity (Party), Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (Party), Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Party)
Summary
Currently Yemen is facing a humanitarian crisis, resulting in part from armed conflict and an unstable political and security situation, which limits its capacity to participate in international climate change discussions and to address climate change domestically. Yemen is already experiencing food insecurity, a resulting reliance on food imports, water scarcity, land degradation and desertification, drought, and coastal erosion and flooding; all of which compromises growth and economic development, and will be exacerbated by climate change. Yemen may also face new challenges, like increased disease spread from climate variability and extreme climate events, as a result of climate change. Yemen's economy has been dominated by the oil sector, though decreasing oil revenue and resources suggests diversification may be necessary to allow for economic growth. Adapting to climate change impacts, and mitigating climate change, is critical to facilitating Yemen's growth and supporting social, economic, and political improvements and stability.
International Commitments and Reporting
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
Intended Nationally Determined Contribution Under the Paris Agreement - https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NDCStaging/pages/Party.aspx?party=YEM
NDC Monitoring and Reporting
World Bank Country Factsheet on Intended NDCs - http://spappssecext.worldbank.org/sites/indc/PDF_Library/YE.pdf
World Bank’s Climate Knowledge Portal - https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/yemen
ClimateWatch Profile - https://www.climatewatchdata.org/countries/YEM
NDC Partnership Page - http://ndcpartnership.org/countries-map/country?iso=YEM
SDG Voluntary National Review
Yemen has not yet completed a Voluntary National Review, and does not have a review scheduled, but other relevant national reporting is available here - https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/memberstates/yemen
National SDG Monitoring and Reporting
World Bank Overview - http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/yemen
UNDP's Open SDG Data Hub - http://unstats-undesa.opendata.arcgis.com/
NDCs and SDGs
Mapping of NDC-SDG Connections - https://klimalog.die-gdi.de/ndc-sdg/country/YEM
NDCs, SDGs, and Climate Change
NDC Partnership Dashboard on NDCs and relation to the SDGs and Climate Change Vulnerability - http://ndcpartnership.org/climate-watch/ndcs-sdg
Biennial Update Report to the UNFCCC - https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Yemen_%20First_BUR_2018.pdf
Emissions Data
Yemen does not currently have a dynamic online emissions tracking platform, but recent emissions reporting can be found within this report - https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/3490581_Yemen-NC3-2-Yemen_TNC_2018_Final.pdf
Sendai and Hyogo Frameworks
National Progress Report on the Implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=40141&cid=191
National Coordination and Reporting
National Appropriate Mitigation Actions
No Action to date - https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/PublicNAMA/SitePages/Country.aspx?CountryId=193
National Action Plans
Yemen National Adaptation Programme of Action - https://www.adaptation-undp.org/resources/assessments-and-background-documents/yemen-national-adaptation-programme-action-napa
National Strategy for Environmental Sustainability 2005-2015 and National Environmental Action Plan 2005-2010 - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/national-strategy-for-environmental-sustainability-2005-2015-and-national-environmental-action-plan-20005-2010/
National Strategies Related to International Mechanisms
Convention to Combat Desertification National Action Programme - https://knowledge.unccd.int/sites/default/files/naps/yemen-eng2000.pdf
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan - https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/ye/ye-nbsap-v2-en.pdf
National Regulations/Policies
National Strategy for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/national-strategy-for-renewable-energy-and-energy-efficiency/
Law No. 1 of 2009 on Electricity - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/law-no-1-of-2009-on-electricity/
National Agriculture Sector Strategy 2012-2016 - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/national-agriculture-sector-strategy-2012-2016/
Law No. 26 of 1995 on Environment Protection - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/law-no-26-of-1995-on-environment-protection/
Presidential Decree No.101 of 2005 on the establishment of the Public Environmental Protection Authority - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/presidential-decree-no-101-of-2005-on-the-establishment-of-the-public-environmental-protection-authority/
National Water Sector Strategy and Investment Program - http://www.yemenwater.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Sent_JAR-Aide-Memoire-final-260606.pdf
Reviews of National Legislation and Policy
London School of Economics: National Climate Legislation - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/country-profiles/yemen
Financing
Key Areas of Climate Investment
Financing for building natural hazard resilience - https://www.gfdrr.org/en/strengthening-natural-hazard-resilience-yemens-major-cities
Financing the development of sustainable agriculture and livestock management - https://www.ifad.org/en/web/operations/project/id/1100001403
Financing improvements in the water supply systems - https://www.isdb.org/projects/data/uid-pj0016666
Financing the expansion of renewable energy and technologies to address water shortage issues - https://www.thegef.org/project/integrated-water-harvesting-technologies-adapt-climate-change-induced-water-shortage
Financing participation with international climate agreement and the completion of reporting requirements - https://www.thegef.org/project/third-national-communication-and-first-biennial-update-report-unfccc
Financing energy efficiency improvements - https://www.thegef.org/project/removing-barriers-energy-efficiency-improvements
National Trust Fund
There are multiple funds focused on Yemen specifically, but no climate-specific funds.
Selected Relevant Sources of Climate Related Funding
Climate Funds Update - https://climatefundsupdate.org/data-dashboard/#1541245745457-d3cda887-f010
OECD Climate Change - https://www.oecd.org/env/cc/
OECD Investment for Green Growth - https://www.oecd.org/environment/green.htm
Climate Investment Funds - https://www.climateinvestmentfunds.org/country/yemen
Multilateral Funders
Yemen receives climate funding from the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the Islamic Development Bank, the World Bank, the Global Environment Facility, the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, and the Food and Agriculture Organization, among others.
Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Planning
Vulnerability/Adaptation Capacity Data
Notre Dame's Global Adaptation Initiative Vulnerability/Readiness Climate Change Index - https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/
Environmental Performance Index - https://epi.envirocenter.yale.edu/
Natural Disaster/Hazards
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery - https://www.gfdrr.org/en/yemen
PreventionWeb - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/countries/asia/yem
Energy Supply and Demand
Restoring and Expanding Energy Access: Power Sector Reengagement Note - http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/655811496412539032/pdf/P158449-Output-Yemen-Power-Sector-Reengagement-Note.St
Strategies, Current Status, Problems of Energy and Perspectives of Yemen's Renewable Energy Solutions - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318385383_Strategies_current_status_problems_of_energy_and_perspectives_of_Yemen's_renewable_energy_solutions
Policy Note: Prospects of Solar Energy in Yemen - https://www.undp.org/content/dam/yemen/E&E/Docs/UNDP-YEM-Prospects%20of%20Solar%20Energy%20in%20Yemen-%20Policy%20Note.pdf
Key Energy Statistics - https://www.iea.org/countries/yemen
Land Use
LandLinks Country Profile - https://www.land-links.org/yemen
Economic Development/Quality of Life and Livelihoods
Climate Change and Livelihoods in Yemen: Policy Implications for Sustainable Rural Development Strategy - https://www.undp.org/content/dam/yemen/E&E/Docs/UNDP-%20YEM%20-Climate%20Change%20and%20Rural%20Livelihoods%20In%20Yemen.pdf
Yemen Emergency Livelihoods Response Plan 2019 - http://www.fao.org/publications/card/en/c/CA3280EN
Summaries of Programming and Priorities
Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment in Yemen's Third National Communication - https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/3490581_Yemen-NC3-2-Yemen_TNC_2018_Final.pdf
Case Studies
weADAPT Case Studies
weADAPT Entries - https://www.weadapt.org/case-studies?keyword=yemen
Islamic Development Bank Reports
IsDB Country Page - https://www.isdb.org/yemen
Climate, Climate Change, and Environmental Data
Natural Disaster/Hazards Data
ThinkHazard - http://thinkhazard.org/en/report/269-yemen
Energy Supply and Demand Data
Renewable Energy Mapping - http://resourceirena.irena.org/gateway/countrySearch/?countryCode=YEM
Land Use Data
FAOStat - http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/
Weather/Meteorological Data
World Meteorological Organization Profile - https://www.wmo.int/cpdb/yemen
Country tags
