Valuing the Benefits, Costs and Impacts of EbA Measures
This sourcebook assists in building awareness, knowledge and capacity about why, how and in which contexts EbA valuation can be used to inform, guide and influence adaptation decision-making.
Food security and climate change assessment: Sudan
This assessment, published jointly by WFP and the UK Met Office, outlines how climate risks impact household food security and livelihoods in Sudan.
Disasters and national economic resilience
This paper aims to provide an analysis of economic resilience at the national level, presenting broad changes in resilience to climate extremes over a 42 year period.
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CC&E Nexus Brief: The El Niño Phenomenon and Related Impacts 
This brief focuses on El Niño–Southern Oscillation phenomenon and the 2015/2016 El Niño event in particular, the environmental and societal impacts and effects of which will extend well into 2017.
Food in an uncertain future
This report sets out the risks to food security in the Middle East and North Africa from climate change, and how these vulnerabilities interact with other key trends and sources of risk.
The Experience of Nomads in Blue Nile Area
This case study describes how Nomads in Sudan have adapted to climate change and regional insecurity by forming collaborative agreements with farmers that benefit both parties.
Horn of Africa Regional Environmental Center and Network
The Horn of Africa Regional Environment Centre & Network (HoA-REC&N) is an autonomous institution under Addis Ababa University that focuses on environmental concerns and sustainable develop
Higher Council for Environment and Natural Resources (HCENR)
The HCENR is the Technical arm of the Ministry of Environment and Physical Development.
Building Climate-Resilience in Agriculture and Water Sectors in Sudan
Over 80% of the population in Sudan is directly dependent on agriculture or natural resources for their livelihood. This makes Sudan one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to...
Overcoming the Barriers
Climate change is a huge threat to all aspects of human development and achievement of the Millennium Development Goals for poverty reduction. Until recently, donor...
Coastal Oceans Research and Development in the Indian Ocean (CORDIO) - East Africa
Coastal Oceans Research and Development in the Indian Ocean (CORDIO) was initiated in 1999 as a response to the El-Niño related mass bleaching and mortality of corals in the Indian Ocean in 1998.
Water Harvesting in Sudan
In semi arid zones such as North Darfur where the rainfall is concentrated over short periods of time, balancing water demand with supply is difficult. The regularity of rainfall and...
Addressing climate vulnerability in rural Sudan
The dominant livelihoods are herding, rain-fed farming, forestry and gum collection. People are mainly vulnerable to drought cycles and erratic rainfall. This comes on top of...
African Centre for Technology Studies
The African Center for Technology and Science is a Nairobi-based international intergovernmental science, technology and environmental policy think-tank that generates and disseminates new knowledg
Mitigation: Sudan intends to pursue mitigation in the form of low-carbon development, given the country's current socio-economic and development needs. Sudan will focus on contributing to global mitigation in the post-2020 period by developing its forestry, energy, and waste sectors in a way that is compatible with long-term sustainable development. Specific actions in the energy sector include the integration of renewable energy, increased energy efficiency, and electricity thermal generation using natural gas. Within forestry Sudan includes afforestation and reforestation and the preparation of a national REDD+ strategy as primary mitigation approaches. Finally in the waste sector Sudan intends to use sanitary landfills and to move towards the zero waste concept. Adaptation: Sudan identifies adaptation to climate change as a prerequisite for sustainable development and reducing poverty born of the long-term negative impacts of climate change. Generally, adaptation will require the adoption of policies and plans to integrate climate change adaptation into all development planning, increased institutional capacity at all governance levels, the effective implementation of adaptation initiatives, enhanced research on climate change impacts, and increased public awareness of climate change and climate change adaptation. Priority sectors for adaptation include agriculture, water resources, coastal zones, and public health. Agricultural adaptation includes crop diversification, improved meteorological networks, diversification of farm income, efforts to support women and youth participation in community groups, and sustainable management of grazing areas. Water resource adaptation includes additional water harvesting for vulnerable communities, establishing hand pumps and water networks in rural areas, and establishing rain gauge stations. Coastal zone adaptation focuses on developing information systems, implementing integrated coastal zone management, and building awareness. Finally Health adaptation involves building health services and capacity throughout the country, increasing awareness and early diagnosis of climate change related diseases. International Climate and Environmental Commitments: The Paris Agreement (Party), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Party), Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Party), United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (Party), Convention on Biological Diversity (Party), Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (Party), Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Party)
Summary
Sudan is geographically vulnerable to climate change and climate variability, a vulnerability that is intensified by a context of ecosystem degradation, conflict, poverty, and a lack of access to infrastructure, technology, and markets. Sudan is particularly at risk from increasing temperatures, decreasing rainfall, and an increase in floods and drought as a result of climate change. As a least developed country, Sudan emphasizes adaptation over mitigation but also considers low-carbon development to be a priority and an opportunity to improve national resource management capacity.
International Commitments and Reporting
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
Nationally Determined Contribution Under the Paris Agreement - https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NDCStaging/pages/Party.aspx?party=SDN
NDC Monitoring and Reporting
World Bank Country Factsheet on Intended NDCs - http://spappssecext.worldbank.org/sites/indc/PDF_Library/SD.pdf
World Bank’s Climate Knowledge Portal - https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/sudan
ClimateWatch Profile - https://www.climatewatchdata.org/countries/SDN
NDC Partnership Page - http://ndcpartnership.org/countries-map/country?iso=SDN
SDG Voluntary National Review
2018 Voluntary National Review - https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/memberstates/sudan
National SDG Monitoring and Reporting
World Bank Overview - http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/sudan
UNDP's Open SDG Data Hub - http://unstats-undesa.opendata.arcgis.com/
NDCs and SDGs
Mapping of NDC-SDG Connections - https://klimalog.die-gdi.de/ndc-sdg/country/SDN
NDCs, SDGs, and Climate Change
NDC Partnership Dashboard on NDCs and relation to the SDGs and Climate Change Vulnerability - http://ndcpartnership.org/climate-watch/ndcs-sdg
Emissions Data
Sudan does not currently have a dynamic online emissions tracking platform, but recent emissions reporting can be found here - https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Sudan-2NC-Final.pdf
The ClimateWatch profile may provide one more recent assessment of greenhouse gas emissions - https://www.climatewatchdata.org/countries/SDN
Sendai and Hyogo Frameworks
Sendai Framework Data Readiness Review Report - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=54271&cid=163
National Progress Report on the Implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=33426&cid=163
National Report on Preparation for the World Conference on Disaster Reduction, 2005 - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=950&cid=163
National Coordination and Reporting
National Appropriate Mitigation Actions
Development of a feed-in tariff NAMA for renewable energy - https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/PublicNAMA/_layouts/un/fccc/nama/NamaSeekingSupportForImplementation.aspx?ID=63&viewOnly=1
For recently added action check here - https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/PublicNAMA/SitePages/Country.aspx?CountryId=165
National Action Plans
National Adaptation Plan - https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NAPC/Documents%20NAP/National%20Reports/Sudan%20NAP.pdf
National Adaptation Plan for Action - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=8575&cid=163
National Strategies Related to International Mechanisms
Convention to Combat Desertification National Action Programme - https://knowledge.unccd.int/sites/default/files/naps/sudan-eng2006.pdf
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan - https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/sd/sd-nbsap-v2-en.pdf
National Regulations/Policies
Environment Protection Act - https://www.resourcedata.org/dataset/rgi-sudan-environment-protection-act-2001
National Forestry Policy Statement - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/sudan-national-forestry-policy-statement/
Forest and Renewable Natural Resources Act for the year 2002 - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC048812
National Action Plan for the implementation of the Great Green Wall for the Sahel and Sahara Initative - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC170088
Agriculture and Articulate a Future Vision and Action Plan for Agricultural Revival - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC152461
Combat Desertification Law of 2009 - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC150388
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Sector National Strategic Plan (2012-2016) - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC169544
Marine Fisheries Regulations - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC002153
National Platform
Platform on REDD+ Preparedness in Sudan - https://www.reddplussd.org/index.php/en/
Reviews of National Legislation and Policy
Environmental Governance in Sudan: An Expert Review - https://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/sudan/UNEP_Sudan_environmental_governance_review_2012.pdf
London School of Economics: National Climate Legislation - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/country-profiles/sudan
Financing
Key Areas of Climate Investment
Financing for improvements in national capacity to address climate change and address international environmental obligations - https://www.thegef.org/project/strengthening-targeted-national-capacities-improved-decision-making-and-mainstreaming-global
Financing ecosystem management and the establishment of protected areas - https://www.thegef.org/project/strengthened-protected-areas-system-and-integrated-ecosystem-management-sudan
Financing the establishment of a forecast-based early warning system - https://www.greenclimate.fund/documents/20182/893456/21170_-_Impact_Forecast-Based_Early_Warning_Systems.pdf/7bdf8848-c121-ecc2-d0af-b9f8030791b8
Financing preparedness for, and engagement with, the REDD+ mechanism - https://www.forestcarbonpartnership.org/country/sudan
Financing rainwater harvesting - https://www.isdb.org/projects/data/uid-pj0017613
Financing local community resilience to climate change - http://www.gcca.eu/programmes/strengthening-local-communities-resilience-climate-change-sudan
Selected Relevant Sources of Climate Related Funding
Climate Funds Update - https://climatefundsupdate.org/data-dashboard/#1541245745457-d3cda887-f010
OECD Climate Change - https://www.oecd.org/env/cc/
OECD Investment for Green Growth - https://www.oecd.org/environment/green.htm
African Development Bank Group - https://www.afdb.org/en/topics-and-sectors/sectors/climate-change
Multilateral Funders
Sudan receives climate funding from the Global Climate Change Alliance Plus Initiative, the Adaptation Fund, the Islamic Development Bank, the UN World Food Programme, the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility, the Green Climate Fund, and the Global Environment Facility, among others.
Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Planning
Vulnerability/Adaptation Capacity Data
Notre Dame's Global Adaptation Initiative Vulnerability/Readiness Climate Change Index - https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/
Environmental Performance Index - https://epi.envirocenter.yale.edu/
Natural Disaster/Hazards
PreventionWeb - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/countries/africa/sdn
Energy Supply and Demand
Sustainable Energy: Challenges of Implementing Renewable Technologies - http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.897.4837&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Key Energy Statistics - https://www.iea.org/countries/sudan
Land Use
LandLinks Country Profile - https://www.land-links.org/sudan
The Land Cover Atlas of Sudan - http://www.fao.org/3/a-be896e.pdf
Land Use Land Cover Change Detection: Khartoum State, Sudan 1972-2006 - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268799651_Land_use_land_cover_change_detection_A_case_study_Khartoum_state_Sudan_1972_-2006
Economic Development/Quality of Life and Livelihoods
Climate, Environment and Security in Sudan - https://www.ids.ac.uk/files/dmfile/LHcasestudy14-Sudan.pdf
Food Security and Climate Change Assessment: Sudan - https://www.weadapt.org/placemarks/maps/view/34636
World Food Programme Sudan Country Strategic Plan (2019-2023) - https://www.wfp.org/operations/sd02-sudan-country-strategic-plan-2019-2023
Summaries of Programming and Priorities
Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment in Sudan's Second National Communication - https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Sudan-2NC-Final.pdf
Review of Current and Planned Adaptation Action - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=25787&cid=163
Climate Change Adaptation and Decision Making in Sudan - https://www.wri.org/our-work/project/world-resources-report/climate-change-adaptation-and-decision-making-sudan
Case Studies
weADAPT Case Studies
weADAPT Entries - https://www.weadapt.org/case-studies?keyword=sudan
Islamic Development Bank Reports
IsDB Country Page - https://www.isdb.org/sudan
Climate, Climate Change, and Environmental Data
Natural Disaster/Hazards Data
ThinkHazard - http://thinkhazard.org/en/report/6-sudan
Energy Supply and Demand Data
Renewable Energy Mapping - http://resourceirena.irena.org/gateway/countrySearch/?countryCode=SDN
Land Use Data
FAOStat - http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/
Weather/Meteorological Data
World Meteorological Organization Profile - https://www.wmo.int/cpdb/sudan
Country tags
