Climate-resilient development for Somalia
This report outlines ways that policymakers in Somalia can increase access to climate finance and better integrate adaptation, mitigation and disaster risk management in socioeconomic development.
Exploring the conflict blind spots in climate adaptation finance
This report investigates climate change adaptation programmes in fragile and conflict-affected situations, how such programmes could be improved and how adaptation finance could be increased.
Supporting young people’s prospects for decent work in the drylands of east and west Africa
The report reviews opportunities for young people in the drylands of Ethiopia, Nigeria, South Sudan, Somalia, Sudan and Mali to pursue climate-resilient work and provides key recommendations.
Climate variability and impact in ASSAR’s East African region
This new paper from ASSAR's east Africa team looks at impact climate-related risks, impacts and vulnerability across the semi-arid regions of East Africa.
When people move
Podcast by UK Climate Change and Migration Coalition: When people move. Understanding how climate change creates the movement of people.
Horn of Africa Regional Environmental Center and Network
The Horn of Africa Regional Environment Centre & Network (HoA-REC&N) is an autonomous institution under Addis Ababa University that focuses on environmental concerns and sustainable develop
Coastal Oceans Research and Development in the Indian Ocean (CORDIO) - East Africa
Coastal Oceans Research and Development in the Indian Ocean (CORDIO) was initiated in 1999 as a response to the El-Niño related mass bleaching and mortality of corals in the Indian Ocean in 1998.
Droughts
Sand dam rainwater harvesting
ActivitiesThis project aims to enable communities in the Central South, North East, and North West zones of Somalia to adapt to...
Mitigation: Within their Nationally Determined Contributions, Somalia prioritizes mitigation activities related to sustainable land management, enhanced agricultural productivity to address food insecurity, integrated water management, renewable energy generation, management of the charcoal industry and charcoal export, and reforestation. Adaptation: Somalia's planned adaptation activities include increasing resilience to natural disasters, resilient land management practices, securing access to water resources, and enhanced marine and coastal management. International Climate and Environmental Commitments: The Paris Agreement (Party), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Party), Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Party), United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (Party), Convention on Biological Diversity (Party), Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (Party), Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Not Party)
Summary
Somalia is an arid and semiarid country located in the Horn of Africa. Somalia struggles with significant socioeconomic development challenges, high rates of poverty, and issues with conflict and insecurity. Somalia's economy is largely dependent on natural resources, particularly agriculture, forestry, fishing, and charcoal production. Unfortunately, the exploitation of these resources has led to deforestation, desertification, soil erosion, and falling fish sticks, limiting economic development. These challenges with natural resources are likely to be exacerbated by climate change, and its disruption of precipitation patterns, threatening to undermine development and livelihoods in Somalia and spark further conflict. Somalia is also at risk of natural disasters, particularly along its long coastline, which is vulnerable within the context of climate change.
International Commitments and Reporting
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
Nationally Determined Contribution Under the Paris Agreement - https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NDCStaging/pages/Party.aspx?party=SOM
NDC Monitoring and Reporting
World Bank Country Factsheet on Intended NDCs - http://spappssecext.worldbank.org/sites/indc/PDF_Library/SO.pdf
World Bank’s Climate Knowledge Portal - https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/somalia
ClimateWatch Profile - https://www.climatewatchdata.org/countries/SOM
NDC Partnership Page - http://ndcpartnership.org/countries-map/country?iso=SOM
SDG Voluntary National Review
Somalia has not yet completed a Voluntary National Review, but should a review be completed it will be available here - https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/memberstates/somalia
National SDG Monitoring and Reporting
World Bank Overview - http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/somalia
UNDP's Open SDG Data Hub - http://unstats-undesa.opendata.arcgis.com/
NDCs and SDGs
Mapping of NDC-SDG Connections - https://klimalog.die-gdi.de/ndc-sdg/country/SOM
NDCs, SDGs, and Climate Change
NDC Partnership Dashboard on NDCs and relation to the SDGs and Climate Change Vulnerability - http://ndcpartnership.org/climate-watch/ndcs-sdg
Emissions Data
Somalia does not currently have a dynamic online emissions tracking platform, but national emissions reporting can be found within this report - https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/THE%20INITIAL%20NATIONAL%20COMMUNICATION%20FOR%20SOMALIA.pdf
Sendai and Hyogo Frameworks
National Report in Preparation for the World Conference on Disaster Reduction - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=937&cid=159
Somalia Natural Disaster Profile - https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/chrr/research/profiles/pdfs/somalia_profile1.pdf
National Coordination and Reporting
National Appropriate Mitigation Actions
No Action to date - https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/PublicNAMA/SitePages/Country.aspx?CountryId=161
National Action Plans
National Adaptation Programme of Action on Climate Change - https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/som01.pdf
National Strategies Related to International Mechanisms
Convention to Combat Desertification National Action Programme - https://knowledge.unccd.int/sites/default/files/naps/2018-06/NAP%20Full%20Report%20-%20Final%2023%20May%20digital.pdf
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan - https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/so/so-nbsap-01-en.pdf
National Regulations/Policies
National Development Plan 2017-2019 - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC169866
Strategic Plan of the Ministry of National Resources - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC149704
Somaliland Food and Water Security Strategy - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC179644
National Water Act - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC152457
Fisheries Law of the Federal Republic of Somalia - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC171668
Law on the establishment of the National Parks Agency - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC042049
Law on Fauna (Hunting) and Forest Conservation - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC018381
National Livestock Policy - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC152356
Reviews of National Legislation and Policy
London School of Economics: National Climate Legislation - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/country-profiles/somalia
Financing
Key Areas of Climate Investment
Financing drought planning and recovery - https://www.gfdrr.org/en/somalia-drought-pdna-and-recovery-framework-2017-18
Financing the mainstreaming of global environmental obligations - https://www.thegef.org/project/strengthening-national-capacities-improved-decision-making-and-mainstreaming-global-0
Financing climate change adaptation for rural livelihoods - https://www.thegef.org/project/rural-livelihoods-adaptation-climate-change-horn-africa-phase-ii-rlacc-ii
Financing water resource management, preserving water access, and disaster reduction - https://www.thegef.org/project/support-integrated-water-resources-management-ensure-water-access-and-disaster-reduction
Financing enhanced climate resilience - https://www.thegef.org/project/enhancing-climate-resilience-vulnerable-communities-and-ecosystems-somalia
Financing engagement with international climate negotiations and reporting - https://www.thegef.org/project/support-somalia-development-its-first-nbsap-and-fifth-national-report-cbd
Selected Relevant Sources of Climate Related Funding
Climate Funds Update - https://climatefundsupdate.org/data-dashboard/#1541245745457-d3cda887-f010
OECD Climate Change - https://www.oecd.org/env/cc/
OECD Investment for Green Growth - https://www.oecd.org/environment/green.htm
African Development Bank Group - https://www.afdb.org/en/topics-and-sectors/sectors/climate-change
Multilateral Funders
Somalia receives climate funding from the World Bank, the Islamic Development Bank, the Least Developed Countries Fund, and the Global Environment Facility, among others.
Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Planning
Vulnerability/Adaptation Capacity Data
Notre Dame's Global Adaptation Initiative Vulnerability/Readiness Climate Change Index - https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/
Environmental Performance Index - https://epi.envirocenter.yale.edu/
Natural Disaster/Hazards
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery - https://www.gfdrr.org/en/somalia
PreventionWeb - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/countries/africa/som
Energy Supply and Demand
Africa Energy Outlook - https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WEO2014_AfricaEnergyOutlook.pdf
Land Use
Somalia Water and Land Information Management - http://www.faoswalim.org/node-30-page
Temporal Assessment on Land Use Land Cover of Somalia after the Effects of Civil Ware using Remote Sensing - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304710408_Temporal_assessment_on_land_use_land_cover_of_Somalia_after_the_effect_of_the_civil_war_using_remote_sensing
How Somalia’s charcoal trade is fueling the Acacia’s demise - https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/story/how-somalias-charcoal-trade-fueling-acacias-demise
Economic Development/Quality of Life and Livelihoods
Drought, displacement and livelihoods in Somalia/Somaliland - https://www.oxfam.org/en/research/drought-displacement-and-livelihoods-somaliasomaliland
Building livelihood and community resilience: Lessons for Somalia and Zimbawe - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/12585.pdf
FAO: Livelihood Maps - http://fsnau.org/products/maps/livelihood-maps
The Role of Climate Change and La Niña in the Ongoing Somalia Drought: A Rapid Analysis - https://cdkn.org/resource/role-of-climate-change-la-nina-ongoing-somalia-drought-rapid-analysis/?loclang=en_gb
Summaries of Programming and Priorities
Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment in Somalia's First National Communication - https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/THE%20INITIAL%20NATIONAL%20COMMUNICATION%20FOR%20SOMALIA.pdf
Review of Current and Planned Adaptation Action - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=25784&cid=159
Case Studies
weADAPT Case Studies
weADAPT Entries - https://www.weadapt.org/case-studies?keyword=somalia
Climate and Development Network Country Page
Climate and Development Network Resources - https://cdkn.org/regions/somalia
Islamic Development Bank Reports
IsDB Country Page - https://www.isdb.org/somalia
Climate, Climate Change, and Environmental Data
Natural Disaster/Hazards Data
ThinkHazard - http://thinkhazard.org/en/report/226-somalia
Energy Supply and Demand Data
Renewable Energy Mapping - http://resourceirena.irena.org/gateway/countrySearch/?countryCode=SOM
Land Use Data
FAOStat - http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/
Weather/Meteorological Data
World Meteorological Organization Profile - https://www.wmo.int/cpdb/somalia
Country tags
