Aga Khan Foundation
Established in 1967, the Aga Khan Foundation (AKF) brings together human, financial and technical resources to address the challenges faced by the poorest and most marginalised communities in the w
Drainage Water Reuse in the Nile Delta, Egypt
A GIZ pilot measure was implemented in the Nile Delta, focussing on mixing fresh irrigation water with drainage water under controlled conditions to improve the total volume of irrigation water.
Engaging stakeholders and building ownership for climate adaptation
This report highlights the tools and structures utilised to engage stakeholders and build ownership in the “Building Resilient Food Security Systems to Benefit the Southern Egypt Region” project.
Rooftop Farming in Cairo
In informal settlements of Greater Cairo a rooftop farming project was started in 2014, supported by GIZ. The results were promising, but technical and managerial problems still have to be solved.
Food in an uncertain future
This report sets out the risks to food security in the Middle East and North Africa from climate change, and how these vulnerabilities interact with other key trends and sources of risk.
CC&E Nexus Brief: Migration
This brief focuses on the climate change, environment and migration nexus and synthesizes the main findings on this subject to date, both in general and with a focus on North Africa.
The climate change, migration and economic development nexus in North Africa
This article addresses the climate change and migration nexus from the perspective of disaster risks and employment, and focuses on Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt.
Migration, development and climate change in North Africa
This paper looks at the current state of migration in Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia, the risks, opportunities and strategies migration offers, and its nexus with development and climate change.
Cairo University
Cairo University (previously known as the Egyptian University 1908–1940, then King Fuad I University 1940–1952) is Egypt's premier public universi
Egypt NEEDS Climate change
A boat along the Nile, Aswan, Egypt. Image © panoramio.com
National Development Plans and Priorities in the context of Climate ChangeTo enhance adaptation planning...
National Economic, Environment and Development Study (NEEDS)
National Economic, Environment and Development Study (NEEDS) for Climate Change Project
Costs of sea-level rise in Egypt
A boy riding a horse in front of the Great Pyramids of Giza Image: Marko Djurica
Executive SummaryThis report presents the integrated case study for Egypt carried...
Impacts of sea-level rise in Africa
Summary
Africa has a large and growing coastal population, including a number of important coastal cities. With sea-level rise, flooding and inundation of coastal areas would be expected...
Adaptation to Climate Change in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
Photo © World Bank
Project descriptionThis project assisted the World Bank in assessing the range of effective adaptation strategies in the MENA region. Research...
Adaptation to Climate Change in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
Photo © World Bank
Project descriptionThis project assisted the World Bank in assessing the range of effective adaptation strategies in the MENA region. Research...
ENPI CBC MED
The multilateral cross-border cooperation "Mediterranean Sea Basin Programme" is part of the new European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) and of its financing instrument (European Neighbourhood and Part
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Egypt
The National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF) is one of the twelve national research institutions affiliated to the Ministry of State for Scientific Research of Egypt that are dealing
Coastal Oceans Research and Development in the Indian Ocean (CORDIO) - East Africa
Coastal Oceans Research and Development in the Indian Ocean (CORDIO) was initiated in 1999 as a response to the El-Niño related mass bleaching and mortality of corals in the Indian Ocean in 1998.
CIRCE Foundation Paper Literature
CIRCE Foundation Paper - part 2: Reviewing Key Adaptation Literature
Center For Environment and Development for Arab Region and Europe, Egypt
Center For Environment and Development for Arab Region and Europe, CEDARE, led by its Executive Director, Dr.
Coastal Research Institute
Coastal Research Institute (CoRI), was established in 1972 as an urgent need for monitoring and protecting the Egyptian coasts.

Circe foundation paper
Rationale
This interactive user guide is being developed to produce CIRCE project deliverable D13.2.1 Foundatation paper on adaptation options and screening. The rationale is that by...
Impacts of sea-level rise in Africa
City of Alexandria coastline: Image ©Blueskyline.com
Impact of sea level rise in EgyptEgypt has a coastal zone of more than 3,500 km long and contains 40% of the...
Mitigation: Egypt's mitigation efforts focus on providing the foundation required to build a low carbon energy system. This requires managing emissions across all sectors, and relies on financial and technical support from donors and other countries. Specific activities include encouraging the spread of local low-carbon energy production capacity, improving efficiency standards, reforming fossil fuel subsidies, and the possible use of market mechanisms. Adaptation: Egypt focuses its adaptation efforts in key areas of climate concern. The first is the availability of water resources, adaptation responses include increasing water storage capacity, improving agricultural practices (particularly related to irrigation and drainage), water desalination and rain water harvesting, and increasing wastewater recycling. Climate change impacts on agriculture are an additional adaptation concern, addressed through adjustments to what is grown when, as well as through further research that will allow for more comprehensive studies on climate change adaptation for fisheries and livestock production. The last high priority adaptation concern is coastal zones, and adaptation efforts include integrated coastal zone management, as well as incentivizing and providing opportunities for those in coastal areas threatened by climate change to move to less vulnerable locations. Generally, Egypt facilitates adaptation across sectors and communities by supporting additional climate change research and data, the development of early warning and monitoring for extreme natural phenomena, and public awareness raising. International Climate and Environmental Commitments: The Paris Agreement (Party), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Party), Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Party), United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (Party), Convention on Biological Diversity (Party), Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (Party), Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Party)
Summary
Egypt's infrastructure and population is concentrated in the Nile Delta and on the Mediterranean coast. Egypt dependent on the Nile for freshwater, agriculture, and food security. This context makes Egypt particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts, such as sea level rise and changes in precipitation patterns. These climate change challenges are compounded by factors related to economic development, social justice, and political stability that are current national priorities.
International Commitments and Reporting
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
Nationally Determined Contribution Under the Paris Agreement - https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NDCStaging/pages/Party.aspx?party=EGY
NDC Monitoring and Reporting
World Bank Country Factsheet on Intended NDCs - http://spappssecext.worldbank.org/sites/indc/PDF_Library/EG.pdf
World Bank’s Climate Knowledge Portal - https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/egypt
ClimateWatch Profile - https://www.climatewatchdata.org/countries/EGY
NDC Partnership Page - http://ndcpartnership.org/countries-map/country?iso=EGY
SDG Voluntary National Review
2018 Voluntary National Review - https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/memberstates/egypt
National SDG Monitoring and Reporting
World Bank Overview - https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/egypt
UNDP's Open SDG Data Hub - http://unstats-undesa.opendata.arcgis.com/
NDCs and SDGs
Mapping of NDC-SDG Connections - https://klimalog.die-gdi.de/ndc-sdg/country/EGY
NDCs, SDGs, and Climate Change
NDC Partnership Dashboard on NDCs and relation to the SDGs and Climate Change Vulnerability - http://ndcpartnership.org/climate-watch/ndcs-sdg
Emissions Data
Egypt does not currently have a dynamic online emissions tracking platform, but recent emissions information can be found here - https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/GHGI%20chapter%20.pdf
Sendai and Hyogo Frameworks
Sendai Framework Data Readiness Review Report - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=53144&cid=54
National Progress Report on the Implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=40148&cid=54
National Coordination and Reporting
National Appropriate Mitigation Actions
No Action to date - https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/PublicNAMA/SitePages/Country.aspx?CountryId=167
National Action Plans
National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/egypts-national-strategy-for-adaptation-to-climate-change-and-disaster-risk-management/
National Strategies Related to International Mechanisms
Convention to Combat Desertification National Action Programme - https://knowledge.unccd.int/sites/default/files/naps/egypt-eng2005.pdf
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan - https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/eg/eg-nbsap-v2-en.pdf
National Regulations/Policies
Egypt Vision 2030 - http://sdsegypt2030.com/?lang=en
Egypt Integrated Coastal Zones Management Policies - http://www.eeaa.gov.eg/en-us/topics/management/iczm.aspx
Law 4 for the Protection of the Environment Amended by Law 9/2009 - http://www.eeaa.gov.eg/en-us/laws/envlaw.aspx
Renewable Energy Law - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/egypt-renewable-energy-law-decree-no-203-2014/
National Energy Efficiency Action Plan - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/national-energy-efficiency-action-plan-2012-2015/
New National Renewable Energy Strategy - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/new-national-renewable-energy-strategy/
Electricity Law - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/law-n-87-electricity-law/
Renewable Energy Tax Incentives - https://www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/pams/egypt/name-157165-en.php
Egyptian Solar Plan - https://www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/pams/egypt/name-31164-en.php
Egyptian Renewable Energy Law - https://www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/pams/egypt/name-157164-en.php
Reviews of National Legislation and Policy
London School of Economics: National Climate Legislation - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/new-national-renewable-energy-strategy/
Financing
Key Areas of Climate Investment
Financing improved irrigation and water-efficient agricultural practices - http://projects.worldbank.org/P117745/egypt-farm-level-irrigation-modernization?lang=en&tab=overview
Financing capacity building and climate resilience - https://www.gfdrr.org/en/just-time-capacity-building-and-advice-climate-resilience
Financing government and citizen capacity to participate in international environmental action - https://www.thegef.org/project/enhancing-national-capacities-improved-public-participation-implementing-rio-conventions
Financing to support renewable energy supply - https://www.greenclimate.fund/projects/fp039
Financing to improve water management and efficient water use - http://projects.worldbank.org/P130801/regional-coordination-improved-water?lang=en&tab=overview - https://www.weadapt.org/placemarks/maps/view/31921
Selected Relevant Sources of Climate Related Funding
Climate Funds Update - https://climatefundsupdate.org/data-dashboard/#1541245745457-d3cda887-f010
OECD Climate Change - https://www.oecd.org/env/cc/
OECD Investment for Green Growth - https://www.oecd.org/environment/green.htm
Climate Investment Funds - https://www.climateinvestmentfunds.org/country/egypt
African Development Bank Group - https://www.afdb.org/en/topics-and-sectors/sectors/climate-change
Multilateral Funders
Egypt receives climate funding from the Green Climate Fund, the World Bank, the Global Environment Facility, and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, among others.
Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Planning
Vulnerability/Adaptation Capacity Data
Notre Dame's Global Adaptation Initiative Vulnerability/Readiness Climate Change Index - https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/
Egypt's National Environmental Economic and Development Study (NEEDS) for Climate Change - https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/egypt_final_report_needs.pdf
Adaptation to Climate-Change Induced Water Stress in the Nile Basin: a Vulnerability Assessment Report - https://www.unenvironment.org/resources/report/adaptation-climate-change-induced-water-stress-nile-basin-vulnerability-assessment
Environmental Performance Index - https://epi.envirocenter.yale.edu/
Natural Disaster/Hazards
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery - https://www.gfdrr.org/en/egypt
PreventionWeb - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/?cid=54
Energy Supply and Demand
Renewable Energy Outlook: Egypt - https://www.irena.org/publications/2018/Oct/Renewable-Energy-Outlook-Egypt
Key Energy Statistics - https://www.iea.org/countries/Egypt/
Land Use
LandLinks Country Profile - https://www.land-links.org/country-profile/egypt/
Economic Development/Quality of Life and Livelihoods
Sustainable Agriculture Investments and Livelihoods - https://www.ifad.org/documents/38714170/39150184/ASAP+Egypt+factsheet.pdf/7814f148-252c-4385-99e7-6a8fbd05b733
Summaries of Programming and Priorities
Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment in Egypt's Third National Communication - https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TNC%20report.pdf
Case Studies
weADAPT Case Studies
weADAPT Entries - https://www.weadapt.org/case-studies?keyword=egypt
Islamic Development Bank Reports
IsDB Country Page - https://www.isdb.org/egypt
Climate, Climate Change, and Environmental Data
Natural Disaster/Hazards Data
ThinkHazard - http://thinkhazard.org/en/report/40765-egypt
Energy Supply and Demand Data
Renewable Energy Mapping - http://resourceirena.irena.org/gateway/countrySearch/?countryCode=EGY
Land Use Data
FAOStat - http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/
Weather/Meteorological Data
World Meteorological Organization Profile - https://cpdb.wmo.int/egypt
Country tags
