Comoros - Ecosystem-based Adaptation
This project is helping the government to build climate resilience in 15 locations across three Comorian islands.
Indian Ocean Commission (IOC) / Acclimate / Regional Strategy
July 9, 2012
IOC’s high-level workshop leads to the validation of a regional strategy for adaptation to climate change for the western Indian Ocean islands.
Multi-sectoral...
Indian Ocean Commission
The Indian Ocean Commission (COI), known as the Commission de l'Océan Indien in French, is an intergovernmental organization that joins Comoros, Madagasca
Coastal Oceans Research and Development in the Indian Ocean (CORDIO) - East Africa
Coastal Oceans Research and Development in the Indian Ocean (CORDIO) was initiated in 1999 as a response to the El-Niño related mass bleaching and mortality of corals in the Indian Ocean in 1998.
Mitigation: Comoros has committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 84% by 2030, compared to the business as usual scenario. This accounts for emissions reduction caused by the development of carbon sinks through changes in land use, land use change, and forestry. This mitigation contribution will be accomplished by changes in the energy sector related to efficiency across users, an increasing emphasis on agroforestry and conservation agriculture within the agriculture sector, improved waste management, and improvements related to land use and forestry that include reforestation/afforestation efforts as well as forest conservation. An additional mitigation possibility, depending on resources, is using geothermal energy to promote renewable energy access. Adaptation: Adaptation is central to Comoros' approach to development and poverty alleviation, specifically Comoros sees rural communities and poor farmers as must vulnerable to climate change and is working to implement adaptation activities that will increase their resilience to climate change. In the long-term Comoros is focused on restoring degraded areas, promoting intensive agriculture, increasing the involvement of women and local communities in environmental protection and local economic development, building resilience to natural disasters. More short-term activities in pursuit of this goal include building resilience in the agricultural sector, reducing the impacts of climate change on water resources, integrating climate change into all strategies and policies, strengthening coastal zone resilience, supporting capacity building in communities that are particularly vulnerable to climate change. International Climate and Environmental Commitments: The Paris Agreement (Party), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Party), Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Party), United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (Party), Convention on Biological Diversity (Party), Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (Party), Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Party)
Summary
Comoros is an archipelago in the Indian Ocean, characterized by diverse coastal and marine environments. As a small island developing state, Comoros faces challenges related to poverty and socioeconomic development, Comoros' economy is largely driven by the agriculture sector, which is threatened by climate change. As a result of climate change Comoros is vulnerable to sea level rise, temperature increases, increasing frequency of tropical cyclones, changes to precipitation patterns, and worsening ocean acidification.
International Commitments and Reporting
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
Nationally Determined Contribution Under the Paris Agreement - https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NDCStaging/pages/Party.aspx?party=COM
NDC Monitoring and Reporting
World Bank Country Factsheet on Intended NDCs - http://spappssecext.worldbank.org/sites/indc/PDF_Library/KM.pdf
World Bank’s Climate Knowledge Portal - https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/comoros
ClimateWatch Profile - https://www.climatewatchdata.org/countries/COM
NDC Partnership Page - http://ndcpartnership.org/countries-map/country?iso=COM
SDG Voluntary National Review
Comoros has not yet completed a Voluntary National Review, but should a review be completed it will be available here - https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/memberstates/comoros
National SDG Monitoring and Reporting
World Bank Overview - http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/comoros
UNDP's Open SDG Data Hub - http://unstats-undesa.opendata.arcgis.com/
NDCs and SDGs
Mapping of NDC-SDG Connections - https://klimalog.die-gdi.de/ndc-sdg/country/COM
NDCs, SDGs, and Climate Change
NDC Partnership Dashboard on NDCs and relation to the SDGs and Climate Change Vulnerability - http://ndcpartnership.org/climate-watch/ndcs-sdg
Emissions Data
Comoros does not currently have a dynamic online emissions tracking platform, but national emissions reporting can be found within this report - https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/comnc2_0.pdf
The ClimateWatch profile may provide one more recent assessment of greenhouse gas emissions - https://www.climatewatchdata.org/countries/COM
Sendai and Hyogo Frameworks
National Progress Report on the Implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=16956&cid=38
National Report in Preparation for World Conference on Disaster Reduction - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=896&cid=38
National Coordination and Reporting
National Appropriate Mitigation Actions
No Action to date - https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/PublicNAMA/SitePages/Country.aspx?CountryId=38
National Action Plans
National Adaptation Programme of Action - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=8507&cid=38
National Strategies Related to International Mechanisms
Convention to Combat Desertification National Action Programme - https://knowledge.unccd.int/sites/default/files/naps/Comores-fre-2013.pdf
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan - https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/km/km-nbsap-v2-fr.pdf
National Regulations/Policies
Accelerated Growth and Sustainable Development Strategy 2015-2019 - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/accelerated-growth-and-sustainable-development-strategy-2015-2019-sca2d/
Loi-cadre nº 94-018 relative à l'environnement - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC011718
Enonce de la Politique Forestière de l’Union Des Comores - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC149117
Loi n° 95-009/AF portant création, organisation et fonctionnement de l’Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, la Pêche et l’Environnement - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC078272
Loi nº 94-037 portant Code de l'eau - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC078264
Arrêté interministériel nº 92-015 portant interdiction absolue de la pêche, la capture et la commercialisation de certaines espèces marines ainsi que la dégradation du littoral -http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC017364
Arrêté n° 01/031/MPE/CAB du 14/05/2001 portant protection des espèces de faune et flore sauvages des Comores - http://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC167453
Reviews of National Legislation and Policy
London School of Economics: National Climate Legislation - http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/country-profiles/comoros
Financing
Key Areas of Climate Investment
Financing coastal management for sustainable livelihoods - https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P125301
Financing resilience in watersheds, forests, and adaptative livelihoods - https://www.thegef.org/project/building-climate-resilience-through-rehabilitated-watersheds-forests-and-adaptive
Financing terrestrial and marine protected areas - https://www.thegef.org/project/development-national-network-terrestrial-and-marine-protected-areas-representative-comoros
Financing resilience in agriculture - https://www.thegef.org/project/enhancing-adaptive-capacity-and-resilience-climate-change-agriculture-sector-comoros
Financing resilient water supplies - https://www.greenclimate.fund/projects/fp094
Financing disaster reduction and recovery - https://www.gfdrr.org/en/strengthening-drr-planning-coordination-and-policy-advisory-capacity-sadc-recipient-executed
Financing resilience to climate change and variability related disasters - https://www.thegef.org/project/strengthening-comoros-resilience-against-climate-change-and-variability-related-disaster
Financing food security - https://www.isdb.org/projects/data/uid-pj0011515
Financing geothermal energy - https://www.thegef.org/project/sustainable-development-comoros-islands-promoting-geothermal-energy-resources
Selected Relevant Sources of Climate Related Funding
Climate Funds Update - https://climatefundsupdate.org/data-dashboard/#1541245745457-d3cda887-f010
OECD Climate Change - https://www.oecd.org/env/cc/
OECD Investment for Green Growth - https://www.oecd.org/environment/green.htm
African Development Bank Group - https://www.afdb.org/en/topics-and-sectors/sectors/climate-change
Multilateral Funders
Comoros receives climate funding from the World Bank, the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, the Least Developed Countries Fund, the Global Climate Change Alliance, the Green Climate Fund, the Islamic Development Bank, and the Global Environment Facility, among others.
Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Planning
Vulnerability/Adaptation Capacity Data
Notre Dame's Global Adaptation Initiative Vulnerability/Readiness Climate Change Index - https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/
Environmental Performance Index - https://epi.envirocenter.yale.edu/
Natural Disaster/Hazards
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery - https://www.gfdrr.org/en/comoros
PreventionWeb - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/countries/africa/com
Energy Supply and Demand
A Comparative Study of Renewable Energy and Electricity Access Policies and Regulatory Frameworks in the Indian Ocean Islands: The Case of Mauritius, Seychelles, Madagascar and Comoros - https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/61249/190214_FSR_IOC_ComparativestudyonREandElectricityAccess.pdf?sequence=1
Geothermal Development in the Comoros - https://www.geothermal-energy.org/pdf/IGAstandard/ARGeo/2012/Chaheire.pdf
Land Use
Land Cover Mapping of the Comoros Islands: Methods and Results - https://daharicomores.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/ECDD-land-cover-mapping-of-the-Comoros-final-report-2014.pdf
Economic Development/Quality of Life and Livelihoods
Appui au Recensement Général de l’Agriculture aux Comores - http://www.fao.org/publications/card/en/c/CA4913FR
Auto-evaluation des pêches comoriennes par les pecheurs - http://www.fao.org/publications/card/en/c/695f1aad-cdf9-4dac-9893-7ae3125e67a4
Fisheries in the ESA-IO Region: Comoros Profile and Trends - http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/34ce5798-55a8-4c9f-90d7-06b3b5b0bf92
Summaries of Programming and Priorities
Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment in Comoros' Second National Communication - https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/comnc2_0.pdf
Review of Current and Planned Adaptation Action - https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=25680&cid=38
Case Studies
Islamic Development Bank Reports
IsDB Country Page - https://www.isdb.org/comoros
Climate, Climate Change, and Environmental Data
Natural Disaster/Hazards Data
ThinkHazard - http://thinkhazard.org/en/report/58-comoros
Energy Supply and Demand Data
Renewable Energy Mapping - http://resourceirena.irena.org/gateway/countrySearch/?countryCode=COM
Land Use Data
FAOStat - http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/
Weather/Meteorological Data
World Meteorological Organization Profile - https://www.wmo.int/cpdb/comoros
